jfty; ngha;if

· fp K 3k; E}w;whz;bw;Fk; (fpK247) fp K 1k; E}w;whz;bw;Fk; (fpK29) ,ilg;gl;l 220 Mz;Lfhy mDuhjGu murpd; tuyhw;iw Nehf;fpdhy; ,f;fhy vy;iyf;Fs; Ml;rp Ghpe;j 19 kd;dh;fSs; 8 jkpo; kd;dh;fs; 81 tUlq;fSf;F Nky; Ml;rp Ghpe;jijf; fz;Lnfhs;syhk;. MapDk; ,f;fhy tuyhw;iwg; gy mj;jpahaq;fspy; $Wk; kfhtk;rk; jkpo; kd;dh;fspd; Ml;rpiar; rpy; nra;Al;fspy; kl;LNk $wp Kbf;fpd;wJ. Vy;yhsd; vd;w jkpo; kd;did ntw;wp nfhz;ljd; %yk; rpq;fs ,dj;jpd; tpLjiy tPudhf th;zpf;fg;gl;l Jl;lfhkpdpapd; 24 Mz;Lfhy Ml;rpia 843 nra;Al;fspy; $Wk; kfhtk;rk; 44 Mz;Lfs; ePjp jtwhJ Ml;rp elj;jpa vy;yhsid 21 nra;Al;fspy; kl;LNk $Wfpd;wJ. ,J xd;Nw ghsp ,yf;fpaq;fspy; jkpo; kd;dh;fspd; tuyhW kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sikf;Fr; rpwe;j rhd;whFk;.

ed;wp - <oj;jth; tuyhW fyhepjp. Fzuhrh

Mf;fpkpb]; (Archemedes) :

Mf;fpkpb]; vd;w cyfpd; Kjd;ikahd tpQ;Qhdp fp.K 287 njhlf;fk; 212 tiu tho;e;jth;. ,th;jhd; Kjypy; ,ae;jputpay; (Machanics)>  jputtpay; (Hydro statics); gw;wpa tpQ;Qhdj;ij cUthf;fpath;.

,th; fpNuf;f ehl;by; Sicily vd;w ,lj;jpy; 'irwhfpA+];" vd;w efuj;jpy; tho;e;jhh;. ,th; 2k; n`a;wd; vd;w irwhfpA+]pd; kd;ddpd; cwtpduhfTk; ,Ue;jhh;.

,th; jhd; Fspay; njhl;bapDs; Vwp ,Ue;j NghJ ntspNawpa ePiug;ghh;j;J Nguhde;jj;jpy; ‘Eureka’ vd;W ntspNa Xbdhh;. (Eureka vd;why; vdf;Ff; fpilj;Jtpl;lJ> I’ve got it vd;W mh;j;jk;).

,th; ,g;gbf; fj;jpaJ vjw;nfd;why; kd;ddpd; fphPlj;ijr; nra;j nghw;nfhy;yd; mijr; Rj;jj; jq;fj;jpy; nra;atpy;iy vd;gij> (njhl;bAs; Vwp mkh;e;jNghJ) mtiuj; njhl;bAs; ,Ue;j ePh; kpjf;f itj;jjhYk; ePh; ntspapy; rpe;jpaijAk; ghh;j;Jk; Specific gravity Kyk; mse;J ep&gpf;fyhk; vd;W fz;lgpbj;jjhy; jhdhk;.

Mf;fpkpb]pd; juT vd;dntd;why;.... xU nghUspd; kPJ ePh; nrYj;Jk; Nky; Nehf;fpa ce;Jjy; (upthrust) me;jg; nghUshy; ntspNa rpe;Jk; ePhpd; epiwf;Fr; rkkhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gNj.

mj;Jld; me;j ePhpd; epiwapypUe;J me;jg; nghUspd; density IAk; specific gravity Iak; msf;fyhk; vd;Wk; KbTf;F te;jhuhk;.

fp.K 215 y; Roman gilnaLj;jNghJ ,th; gy Nghh; ,ae;jpuq;fisj; jdJ kd;dDf;fhfTk; irwhfpA+]; efuj;jpw;fhfTk; fz;Lgpbj;jhh;. mjpy; Claw vd;gJ Gfo;ngw;w xd;whFk;.

Archimedes Screw vd;w ePh; ,iwf;Fk; rhjdk; ,g;nghOJk; kj;jpa rpof;F ehLfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.

Mf;fpkpb]; fp.K 212 Mk; Mz;by; Roman fis jkJ ehl;Lf;Fs; CLUt tpl;l rjpfhuh;fspd; rjpahy; nfhy;yg;gl;lhh;.

Erythrocytes (Red cells) :

Erythrocytes vd Physiology y; miof;fg;gLk; rptg;Gf; fyq;fs; Rthrg;igfSf;Fk; clypd; vy;yhf; fyq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; Oxygen IAk; Carbon dioxide IAk; vLj;Jr; nry;Yk; njhopw;ghl;ilr; nra;fpd;wd.

mtw;wpDs; Haemoglobin vdg;gLk; O₂ If; nfhz;Ls;s nghUs; cs;sJ mJNt> O₂ I Rthrg;igapypUe;J cly; fyq;fSf;Fg; gl;Lthlh nra;fpd;wJ. O₂ If; nfhz;Lnrd;Wtpl;lgpd; Co₂ cld; Nrh;e;J Co₂ I clw; fyq;fspy; ,Ue;J Rthrg;igf;Ff; nfhz;Lnry;fpd;wJ.

fyq;fspd; nraw;ghL mjpfhpf;Fk; nghOJ O₂ d; msT Njitg;gLfpd;w mNj Neuj;jpy; Co₂ d; ,og;Gk; mjpfhpg;gJ mtrpakhfpd;wJ Njitahfpd;wJ. ehk; fLikahd clw;gapw;rp nra;Ak; NghJ ekJ jirfSf;fhd ,uj;jj; Njit mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ.

ekJ clypd; xU yPw;wh; ,uj;jj;jpy; Vwj;jho 5ù12 juk; 10 (5ù10¹²) nrq;fyq;fs; ,Uf;Fkhk;.

Rhjhuz kdpjdpd; clypy; 5-6 yPw;wh; ,uj;jk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lnkd;W Physiologist $Wfpwhh;fs;.

Mount Godwin Austen :

cyfpd; ,uz;lhtJ caukhd kiy cr;rp > 8611m (28250`) caukhd ,J rPdhtpd; vy;iyapy; tlfh~;kPhpy; Karakaram njhlhpy; cs;sJ. ,J 1856 Mk; Mz;lstpy; Survey of India ,dhy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;L cauk; msf;fg;gl;lJ. Kjd;Kjy; ,j;jhyp ehl;ilr; Nrh;e;j Arditto Desio vd;gthpd; jiyikapyhd FO 1954 y; Vwpr; rhjid gilj;jJ.

Magnetism (fhe;jtpay;) :

fhe;jtpay;G vd;gJ fz;zhy; ghh;f;fKbahj xU ,Oit rf;jp (Force) ahFk;. ,Uk;G kw;Wk; Nickel fis js;SfpwJ> my;yJ fth;fpwJ.

fhe;jg;Gyk; (Magnetic Field) vd;gJ fhe;jj;ijr; Rw;wpAs;s gpuNjrkhfTk; mjw;Fs; magnatic force fhe;jrf;jp czuf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

Electric current kpd;rhu kpd;Ndhl;lk; kpd;fhe;jg; Gyj;ij cUthf;fty;yJ.

xU fhe;jk; ,uz;L Jutq;fis cilaJ. Xd;W tlGyk; (north pole) kw;wJ njd;Gyk; (south pole).

xNu JUtq;fs; xd;iwnahd;W js;sTk;> NtW Jutq;fs; xd;iwnahd;W ftuTk; nra;fpd;wd.

G+kpapd; fhe;jg;Gyk; mjd; eLtpYs;s Iron core ,Ds; Vw;gLk; kpd;rhu kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpdhy; Vw;gLfpwJ.

fhe;jj;jpd; tlJUtk; G+kpapd; tlJUtj;jpw;F mz;;ikapy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

fhe;jj;jpd; gyk; (strength) msf;fg;gLtJ Tesla vd;w msitKiwapy;> ekJ G+kpapd; fhe;jg;Gyj;jpd; 0.00005 tesla thfTs;sJ.

vy;yhf; fhe;jg; nghUl;fSk; Domain vd;w kpfr;rpwpa mZf;$l;lq;fspdhy; MdJ. xt;nthd;Wk; jdpf;fhe;jq;fshfTk; jdpahf North pole k; South pole k; ,Uf;Fk;.

JUtq;fspd; gf;fkhfj; njd;gLk; mofhd kpDq;Fk; Nkfq;fs; > Aurora vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.

Mit #hpadpypUe;J ntsptplg;gl;l kpd;rhuj;jhy; charge gz;zg;gl;l Jzpf;iffs; (Particles) G+kpapd; fhe;jg;Gyj;jpDs;Sk; G+kpapd; Nkw;gug;gpDs;Sk; EisAk; NghJ ,e;j Aurora Njhd;Wfpd;wJ.

CyfpNyNa rf;jptha;e;j fhe;jk; mnkhpf;fhtpd; California khepyj;jpy; mike;Js;s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory y; cs;sJ. ,J G+kpapd; fhe;jg;Gyj;jpYk; tpl 250>000 rf;jptha;e;jjhfTs;sJ.

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· ruhrhp kdpj clk;gpy; 65 rjtPjk; ePh; cs;sJ. MNj Nghy ahidapd; clk;gpy; 70 rjtPjKk;> GSf;fspd; clk;gpy; 80 rjtPjKk; cs;sJ.

· Ice berg vdg;gLk; flypy; kpjf;Fk; gdpkiyfs; (gdpg;ghiwfs;) 150m tiu caukhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.

· mNdfkhd kPd;fs; fhw;wpdhy; epug;gg;gl;l igiaf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,J Swim bladder vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,JNt kPd;fs; ePhpy; kpjg;gjw;F cjTfpwJ.

· mjpf cg;ghd ePhpy; kpjg;gJ ,yFthdjhf ,Uf;Fk;> Vndd;why;> cg;G ePhpd; mlh;j;jp mjpfkhf ,Ug;gjhy;.

· Shower fs; ,g;Nghija fz;Lgpbg;gy;y> mit 2500 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dNu Guhjd fpNuf;fh;fshy; ghtpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

· ehk; %r;RtpLtijg;Nghy; kPd;fs; tpLtjpy;iy> ehk; tspapYs;s O₂ itr; Rthrpf;fpNwhk;> Mdhy; kPd;fs; ePhpy; fye;Js;s O₂ itr; Rthrpf;fpd;wd.

· G+idfspd; fz;fspy; fz;zhb Nghd;w gilAs;sJ. mJNt G+idfs; ,Ul;bYk; ghh;f;ff; $badthf ,Uf;f cjTfpwJ.

· gwitfs; epwq;fisg; gphpj;J czuf;$bad.

· J}wy;fSf;$lhf #hpa xsp GFe;J nry;Yk; NghJ Jspfs; xt;nthd;wpD}lhfTk; xsp gl;L KwpAk; NghJ Vw;gLk; VO th;zq;fSk; jhd; ekf;F thdtpy;yhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ.

· Sun-dials vd;W $wg;gLtJ jkpopy; epoy; fbfhuk; vd;Wk; #hpaf; fbfhuk; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. Mjpfhyj;jpy; fpNuf;fh;fs; Kjd;Kjypy; ghtpj;jjhf mwpag;gLfpwJ.

 

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